Table of Contents
Introduction:
A Restricted Area is an area where no one but certain people can enter. A Restricted area either on land or sea, with instruments and equipment for sensing the parameters to provide information about the condition of sensed parameters and to study the ARM controller and Zigbee. The measurements taken include gas and movement of a person’s detection.
Remotely monitoring environmental parameters is important in various applications and industrial processes. In earlier periods weather monitoring systems in restricted areas are generally based on mechanical, electromechanical instruments which suffer from the drawbacks like poor rigidity, the need for human intervention, associated parallax errors, and durability. With the inclusion of electronics, the instruments were made compact and cheaper. However, these systems lack the flexibility of remote monitoring.
Block diagram explanation
Power supply unit
This section needs two voltages viz., +12 V & +5 V, as working voltages. Hence specially designed power supply is constructed to get regulated power supplies.
Gas sensor:
A gas detector is a device that detects the presence of various gases within an area, usually as part of a safety system. This type of equipment is used to detect a gas leak and interface with a control system so a process can be automatically shut down. A gas detector can also sound an alarm to operators in the area where the leak is occurring, allowing them to leave the area. This type of device is important because many gases can be harmful to organic life, such as humans or animals.
ARM processor
ARM is a computer processor-based RISC architecture. A RISC-based computer design approach means ARM processors require significantly fewer transistors than typical processors in average computers. This approach reduces costs, heat, and power use. The low power consumption of ARM processors has made them very popular:
The ARM architecture (32-bit) is the most widely used in mobile devices, and the most popular 32-bit one in embedded systems.
Buffers
Buffers do not affect the logical state of a digital signal (i.e. a logic 1 input results in a logic 1 output whereas logic 0 input results in a logic 0 output). Buffers are normally used to provide extra current drive at the output but can also be used to regularize the logic present at an interface
Drivers
This section is used to drive the relay where the output is the complement of input which is applied to the drive but the current will be amplified
Relays
It is an electromagnetic device that is used to drive the load connected across the relay and the o/p of the relay can be connected to the controller or load for further processing.
Buzzer:
A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may be mechanical, electromechanical, or piezoelectric. Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm devices, timers, and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke.
Methodology:
This project is developed to reduce the workload of human beings and to sense the parameters like Gas and movement of a person. For Gas sensing, we are using MQ3 and to sense the movement of a human we are using PIR Sensor. After sensing that parameter depending on the scenario the ARM controller will send information to the receiver via Zigbee. The main modules in this project are Sensors ( Gas Sensor and PIR Sensor), ARM controller unit with LCD, and output device.
This whole model can be placed in restricted areas. This model has two Sensors as an input device to sense the gas leakage and movement of a person and depending on the parameter measured the controller will send the information to the receiver via Zigbee. At the receiver, the Zigbee receives a transmitted signal and sends that to the ARM controller. The ARM controller analyses the signal and activates the output load (Bulb, Buzzer) to give an intimation about the operation of the transmitter
Advantages:
- All the components required are easily available.
- It is accurate [Errors are nullified] & precise as it is Digital.
- It is much more economical compared to other analog systems.
- Manual errors can be avoided to some extent.
- Automatically controlled & Easy to use.
- Unnecessary wastage of electricity can be controlled to a greater extent.
Disadvantages:
- In this project usage of relays leads to consuming more power.
Applications:
- This project can be implemented in homes, Schools, Colleges, Companies, etc…
- Where we have to reduce the workload of humans and to sense the parameters like Gas, and movement of the person there we can implement this project.
