Table of Contents
Introduction:
One of the main forms of communication that has been in use is Zigbee communication. In general, it exists in every system in one or the other form. The use of Zigbee made life much simpler and safer. A heart patient can be monitored by a doctor remotely sitting in his chamber because of the use of Radio Waves. Radio Waves have made communication through the telephone, internet, etc easier and cheaper. Our project demonstrates one such example where Radio Wave is employed in a way that is helpful to us. This project is designed and developed for helping passengers traveling in trains and buses, especially at night. The people who are not aware of the station on which one should get down will find this very helpful. Here the station name is displayed and announced simultaneously when the station is about to reach which can assist both literate and illiterate. The RF technology is used in the project to communicate between the transmitter and receiver. Each transmitter has a unique binary code that is transmitted continuously to space in a particular range. This signal is captured by the receiver when it reaches its range. So in the case of a train, the transmitter placed in the station is detected by the receiver in the train, and the binary code is processed to give out the station name display and audio corresponding to the binary code in the receiver. A LCD unit is used for displaying the station name and a speaker is used for the announcement
Block diagram explanation:
Power supply unit:
This section needs two voltages viz., +12 V & +5 V, as working voltages. Hence specially designed power supply is constructed to get regulated power supplies.
Zigbee Technology:
ZigBee is a specification for a suite of high-level communication protocols used to create personal area networks built from small, low-power digital radios. ZigBee is based on an IEEE 802.15 standard. Though low-powered, ZigBee devices can transmit data over long distances by passing data through intermediate devices to reach more distant ones, creating a mesh network
ARM processor:
ARM is a computer processor-based RISC architecture. A RISC-based computer design approach means ARM processors require significantly fewer transistors than typical processors in average computers. This approach reduces costs, heat, and power use. The low power consumption of ARM processors has made them very popular:
The ARM architecture (32-bit) is the most widely used in mobile devices, and the most popular 32-bit one in embedded systems.
Buffers:
Buffers do not affect the logical state of a digital signal (i.e. a logic 1 input results in a logic 1 output whereas logic 0 input results in a logic 0 output). Buffers are normally used to provide extra current drive at the output but can also be used to regularize the logic present at an interface.
Drivers:
This section is used to drive the relay where the output is the complement of input which is applied to the drive but the current will be amplified
Relays:
It is an electromagnetic device that is used to drive the load connected across the relay and the o/p of the relay can be connected to the controller or load for further processing.
Voice recorder:
The aPR33A series are powerful audio processors along with high-performance audio analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and digital-to-analog converters (DACs). The aPR33A series is a fully integrated solution offering high performance and unparalleled integration with analog input, digital processing, and analog output functionality. High-quality audio/voice systems with lower bill-of-material costs can be implemented with the aPR33A series because of its integrated analog data converters and a full suite of quality-enhancing features such as sample-rate converters.
In this messages must be recorded or played back sequentially, specially designed for simple key triggers, the user can record and playback the message. Meanwhile, this mode provides a power-management system.
Methodology:
The project consists of a Zigbee transmitter for each of the railway stations and a receiver for each train.
The Zigbee transmitter circuit has pre-stored information about the station where it is located. When the receiver comes within the range of the transmitter, then the receiver which is located in the train receives information of the station from Zigbee which is there in the station. The received signal will be given to the given to ARM controller via the interfacing stage. After receiving the ARM controller will analyze the signal and gives appropriate information about the station via voice announcement. A voice alert is an output unit in the receiver. This gives the voice alert of the station reached based on the RF transmitter signal received.
Advantages:
- Low cost and flexibility in design.
- This module can reduce the passenger’s tension on a journey to an unknown place
- Automated systems require less manpower.
- It uses a voice chip that records and plays the desired voice.
- Reusability of the recorded message.
- Databases need not be maintained.
- The model can also be interfaced to provide automatic opening of doors.
- Better service to passengers
- Helpful for strangers
- Low cost
- Driver or conductor no need to shout always
Disadvantages:
- One-time investment cost
- Constant human intervention.
- High cost.
- Installation and integration are time-consuming.
Applications:
- The system can be used to serve other purposes like assisting the blind in their homes, providing security for valuable items, etc with suitable modification.
- This project can be implemented in homes, Schools, Colleges, Companies, etc… with suitable modifications for their requirements.
- Busses and trains
- Can be used in all vehicles
- We can give information about coming bus in the station side also
