Table of Contents
Introduction:
Traffic research has the goal to optimize the traffic flow of people and goods. As the number of road users constantly increases, and resources provided by current infrastructures are limited, intelligent control of traffic will become a very important issue in the future. However, some limitations to the usage of intelligent traffic control exist. Avoiding traffic jams for example is thought to be beneficial to both environment and the economy, but improved traffic flow may also lead to an increase in demand. There are several models for traffic simulation. In our research, we focus on the optimization of traffic light controllers in a city using IR sensors and control traffic using a microcontroller.
The traffic control system based on vehicle density calculation tries to reduce the possibility of traffic jams, caused by traffic lights. The system contains three IR transmitters and an IR receiver for traffic density measurement which are mounted on either side of roads respectively. The IR system gets activated whenever any vehicle passes on the road between IR sensors. When one sensor will be ON at that time density will be less when two sensors will be ON at that traffic density is medium when all 3 sensors will be ON at that time density will be high. Microcontroller controls the IR system and counts the number of vehicles passing on the road. Based on vehicle density calculation, the microcontroller takes decisions and updates the traffic light delays as a result. The traffic light is situated at a certain distance from the IR system. Thus based on vehicle density calculation, the microcontroller defines different ranges for traffic light delays and update
Also, we use GPS technology to give accidental information about the vehicle. When traffic accidents occur, the system immediately notifies the location of the accident emergency personnel like an ambulance by use of GPS technology. Also, the system has the facility for emergency vehicle detection systems like ambulances, police, etc. When an emergency car comes on the signal and number of vehicles will be available in front of the emergency vehicle. In this situation, the system will detect the emergency car, and then the signal falls RED to GREEN to pass the car by sending a signal from the emergency vehicle to the traffic light sensor system and the signal will be RED for other vehicles, so the number of possibility of accident reduces.
Block diagram Explanation :
Power supply unit:
This section needs 2 voltages +12 and +5 Volts, as working voltages Hence specially designed power supply is constructed to get a regulated power supply.
Ir Tx & Ir Rx:
Ir transmitter and receiver are used to detect the traffic density of 2 lanes. In each lane, we are using 3 sections such as 60%, 90% and 120% of traffic has been detected with the help of ir Tx and ir Rx of both lanes. Here the function of Ir Tx is used to transmit their signals and the IR receiver is used to receive their signals which are transmitted by Tx the o/p of it goes high and the relay will be in the deactivated mode. If any obstacle is detected in between Ir Tx and Ir Rx the Ir Rx output goes low and the relay gets activated and indicates the traffic density
Controller:
The output of the IR Receiver is given to this stage for further processing. The status of the traffic density is displayed either it is 60%,90%, or 120% and that is displayed on the 7-segment display
Buffer & Driver:
The o/p of mc cannot be directly fed to led’s for indication and with the help of buffer and driver, the o/p is fed to led’s for indication for further processing. This is to provide the stronger current path to the decoded 4-bit signal o/p is fed to the driver and the o/p of the driver is low then this signal is fed to led’s for indication.
ARM LPC 2148:
ARM7TDMI processor in our model due to its advanced features described below. 32-bit ARM processor is the contemporary general-purpose microprocessor on the embedded market used in industrial-level applications. ARM7 consists of several peripherals interfaced with it. We use a keypad matrix, LCD, UARTS, GPIO, and I2C protocol. ARM7 processor is a link between GPS and GSM modules for communication.
GPS:
We use GPS technology to give accidental information about the vehicle. When traffic accidents occur, the system immediately notifies the location of the accident emergency personnel like an ambulance by use of GPS technology
Methodology:
For any AVL system to work a mechanism to determine the vehicle location, a communication mechanism, and a location display mechanism is required. The proposed model can be broken down into three basic components:
- A Computer Mapping or Location Display Component.
- The Location Identification Components and
- The Communication Component.
Advantages & Disadvantages:
Advantages:
1. This application is very useful for any kind of vehicle.
2. This application is easy to install and easy to operate.
3. Manpower can be saved by implementing auto-detecting circuits.
4. More reliable than manual Operation.
Disadvantages:
1. Implementation cost is too high and difficult to implement.
Applications:
- 1. The project is used to secure and avoid road accidents.
2. It can be used as part of the automation of s or Public Transportation.
3. This system is used to trace the culprit vehicles by police persons.
