Table of Contents
Introduction:
Our country is one of the gravest countries in the world which have the most serious geological disaster. Day by day the geological disaster gets worse, and endangers people’s lives and property directly, affecting the sustainable development of our society’s economy. There appear frequently some natural phenomena such as mountain collapse, mountain slides, and so on along the line of railway, which badly threaten the traffic and transport safety of the railway. The slide and collapse can destroy the line, prevent the train from running, endanger the station, smash the station house up; destroy the railroad bridge and other facilities, cut off the tunnel, destroy the bright cave, and bring about traffic accidents with turning over the train and people’s death. The railroad is one of the projects
which suffer the most serious and frequent collapse and slide. According to the annual land and resources of our country gazette, in 2003, it happens more than 20
times of all kinds of geological disasters including collapse, slide, mud-rock flow, karst collapse, and so on, which relate to twelve main railroads lines, and interrupt drives for more than 500 hours in total, and the direct economic losses are up to more than 500,000,000 yuan. Therefore, building a set of perfect and reliable systems for monitoring and pre-alarm in long-range and real-time along railroad lines with dangerous mountains has extremely important significance. At present, the methods used for solid monitoring are mainly some traditional monitoring methods, which exist problems of low degree of automation and poor efficiency in common; since imported high-accuracy gauging device whose price is so expensive that it is unsuitable for long-time observation in the field the scene, and harmful for an extension to popularize. Specifically for the current situation of landslide monitoring along the railroad in our country, it is suggested that we should study and develop a set of “Real-time monitoring and pre-alarm system for dangerous mountains along the railway line”. This system adopts high-accuracy displacement sensors such as laser sensors to monitor and alarm for abrupt collapse and can monitor the horizontal and vertical displacement of the mountain, through which it can be acquired that the situations such as sedimentation, displacement, and abrupt collapse of the mountain, and through the wireless network the related data can be transported to the monitor center. Based on some factors, for example, the related mathematic model, meteorological and geological information, the forecast can be made for the mountain displacement and the landslide, and the purpose of monitoring and pre-alarm of long-range and real-time can be arrived at. This system has the merits of low cost, high accuracy of monitoring, and a strong degree of automation, and it can reduce the damages greatly of the landslide and collapse for railroad transport when installed and used along the railroad line.
Block diagram explanation :
Power supply unit:
This section needs two voltages viz., +12 V & +5 V, as working voltages. Hence specially designed power supply is constructed to get regulated power supplies.
ARM processor:
ARM is a computer processor-based RISC architecture. A RISC-based computer design approach means ARM processors require significantly fewer transistors than typical processors in average computers. This approach reduces costs, heat, and power use. The low power consumption of ARM processors has made them very popular:
The ARM architecture (32-bit) is the most widely used in mobile devices, and the most popular 32-bit one in embedded systems.
ARM processor features include:
- Load/store architecture.
- An orthogonal instruction set.
- Mostly single-cycle execution.
- A 16×32-bit register
- Enhanced power-saving design.
Ir Tx & Ir Rx:
Ir transmitter and receiver are used to detect the traffic density of 2 lanes. In each lane, we are using 3 sections such as 60%, 90% and 120% of traffic has been detected with the help of ir Tx and ir Rx of both the lanes
Here the function of Ir Tx is used to transmit their signals and the IR receiver is used to receive their signals which are transmitted by Tx the o/p of it goes high and the relay will be in the deactivated mode. If any obstacle is detected in between Ir Tx and Ir Rx the Ir Rx output goes low and the relay gets activated and indicates the traffic density.
Buffers:
Buffers do not affect the logical state of a digital signal (i.e. a logic 1 input results in a logic 1 output whereas logic 0 input results in a logic 0 output). Buffers are normally used to provide extra current drive at the output but can also be used to regularize the logic present at an interface.
Drivers:
This section is used to drive the relay where the output is the complement of input which is applied to the drive but the current will be amplified.
Relays:
It is an electromagnetic device that is used to drive the load connected across the relay and the o/p of the relay can be connected to the controller or load for further processing.
Indicator:
This stage provides a visual indication of which relay is actuated and deactivated, by glowing respective LED or Buzzer.
Methodology:
In the above shown block diagram, the system works based on the sensors it is implemented using an Arm controller which is the heart of the proposed system. When the train is traveling in the mountain areas we can’t judge where are dangerous areas so this system is implemented to reduce such situations when the train will be near to mountains or obstacles the IR sensors get activated and it sends a signal to arm gradually the arm controller reduces the speed of the train along with according to signals the speed of the train may be varied.
Advantages:
- This system does not create any harm to passengers.
- It is simple to design.
- This application is very useful in any place or area.
- This application is easy to install and easy to operate.
- Manpower can be saved.
- More reliable than manual Operation.
Disadvantages:
- a one-time investment of cost.
Applications:
- Vehicle tracking system.
- Fuel tracking system.
- Patient Monitoring System.
- Bio-Feedback control of robotics and applications.
- Alert SMS.
