Table of Contents
Introduction:
Industrial Disaster Management plays an important role in the field of modern industrial control. India is developing as a key global player in the industrial and technology sector. Rapid industrialization has increased the hazard, risk, and vulnerability of the industry and the environment. It is simply the process of bringing a real-world signal, such as a voltage, into the computer, for processing, analysis, storage, or other data manipulation. A Physical phenomenon represents the real-world signal you are trying to measure. To optimize the characteristics of a system in terms of performance, handling capacity, and cost, the relevant subsystem can be combined. Analog data is generally acquired and transformed into digital form for processing, transmission, and display. In this sophisticated world, every activity is getting atomized with the help of embedded concepts. Unlike the bounty of nature, its fury is a great leveler. Natural disasters affect everyone alike although the nature of impact varies from region to region and sector to sector with the coping capacity of an individual sector being the differentiating factor. The catastrophic fallout of natural disasters on the community and the people is very well documented now. At the same time, it is their impact on the existence, survival, and viability of the economic muscle of a nation, community, and region, i.e. the corporate sector, which also merits equally focused attention. The critical and catalytic role the corporate sector can play in mainstreaming disaster management into not only it’s own functioning but also in other sectors and among the community is now being appreciated and duly recognized as an inalienable part of corporate social responsibility
Block diagram explanation
Power supply unit
This section needs two voltages viz., +12 V & +5 V, as working voltages. Hence specially designed power supply is constructed to get regulated power supplies.
Temperature Sensor LM 35:
LM35 is a precision IC temperature sensor with its output proportional to the temperature (in oC). The sensor circuitry is sealed and therefore it is not subjected to oxidation and other processes. With LM35, temperature can be measured more accurately than with a thermistor. It also possesses low self-heating and does not cause more than 0.1C temperature rise in still air.
The operating temperature range is from -55°C to 150°C. The output voltage varies by 10mV in response to every oC rise/fall in ambient temperature, i.e., its scale factor is 0.01V/ oC.
Humidity Sensor:
Humidity measurement instruments usually rely on measurements of some other quantity such as temperature, pressure, mass, or a mechanical or electrical change in a substance as moisture is absorbed. By calibration and calculation, these measured quantities can lead to a measurement of humidity. Modern electronic devices use temperature of condensation (the dew point), or changes in electrical capacitance or resistance to measure humidity differences.
Gas sensor:
A gas detector is a device that detects the presence of various gases within an area, usually as part of a safety system. This type of equipment is used to detect a gas leak and interface with a control system so a process can be automatically shut down. A gas detector can also sound an alarm to operators in the area where the leak is occurring, allowing them to leave the area. This type of device is important because many gases can be harmful to organic life, such as humans or animals.
ARM processor
ARM is a computer processor-based RISC architecture. A RISC-based computer design approach means ARM processors require significantly fewer transistors than typical processors in average computers. This approach reduces costs, heat, and power use. The low power consumption of ARM processors has made them very popular:
The ARM architecture (32-bit) is the most widely used in mobile devices, and the most popular 32-bit one in embedded systems.
Buffers
Buffers do not affect the logical state of a digital signal (i.e. a logic 1 input results in a logic 1 output whereas logic 0 input results in a logic 0 output). Buffers are normally used to provide extra current drive at the output but can also be used to regularize the logic present at an interface
Drivers
This section is used to drive the relay where the output is the complement of input which is applied to the drive but the current will be amplified
Relays
It is an electromagnetic device that is used to drive the load connected across the relay and the o/p of the relay can be connected to the controller or load for further processing.
GLCD:
Visual GLCD is a standalone application used for the rapid development of graphical user interfaces for GLCD displays.
Buzzer:
A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may be mechanical, electromechanical, or piezoelectric. Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm devices, timers, and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke.
DC motor:
A DC motor relies on the fact that magnet poles repel and unlike magnetic poles attract each other. A coil of wire with a current running through it generates an electromagnetic field aligned with the center of the coil. By switching the current on or off in a coil its magnetic field can be switched on or off or by switching the direction of the current in the coil the direction of the generated magnetic field can be switched 180°.
Indicator:
This stage provides a visual indication of which relay is actuated and deactivated, by glowing respective LED or Buzzer.
Methodology:
This project is developed to maintain the Industries Disaster Management System and reduce the workload of human beings and sense the parameters like Gas, Temperature, and Humidity. After sensing that parameter depending on the scenario the ARM controller will take appropriate action. The main modules in this project are Sensors (Temperature Sensor LM 35, Humidity Sensor, and Gas Sensor), ARM controller unit with LCD, and output device.
This whole model can be placed in Industries to manage Disasters. This model has three Sensors as an input device to sense the disaster in Industries and depending on the parameter measured the controller will take appropriate action. This module continuously monitors the disaster condition of the Industries where it is placed. If the temperature varies, the Gas detected, and the Humidity of the Industries varies, then the ARM controller will activate the buzzer to convey the information.
Advantages:
- All the components required are easily available.
- It is accurate [Errors are nullified] & precise as it is Digital.
- It is much more Economical compared to other analog systems.
- Manual errors can be avoided to some extent.
- Automatically controlled & Easy to use.
- Unnecessary wastage of electricity can be controlled to a greater extent.
Disadvantages:
- In this project usage of relays leads to consuming more power.
Applications:
- This project can be implemented in homes, Schools, Colleges, Companies, etc…
- Where we have to reduce the workload of humans and sense the parameters like Gas, Temperature, Humidity, Rain, and Pressure there we can implement this project.
