Table of Contents
Introduction:
This system contributes to the efforts of developing practical, modular, and easy-to-implement robot navigation algorithms that are both cost and computationally effective. The proposed algorithm takes advantage of the emerging Zigbee technology and a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) to guide the robot to navigate in its working space given these shortcomings, researchers shifted their interest to vision-based navigation to improve the robot position estimation by tracing the visual features in the environment and using them as landmarks. This measurement usually returns bearing to the visual features only, with no a priori knowledge of the landmark positions. Nevertheless, such a technique also has its disadvantages, which include the lack of information depth, complex image processing algorithms with high computational burden, and its dependence on the working environment. This problem can be alleviated by adopting behavior-based navigation systems, as they can incorporate a relatively large number of sensors, making them suitable for navigation in unstructured environments. However, relying on numerous sensors makes the system vulnerable to drifts and cumulative errors. To overcome this shortcoming, some researchers used artificial landmarks to compensate for these errors. a novel navigation technique in which the Zigbee protocol is used.
Block diagram explanation :
Power supply unit:
This section needs two voltages viz., +12 V & +5 V, as working voltages. Hence specially designed power supply is constructed to get regulated power supplies.
Zigbee technology:
ZigBee is the name of a specification for a suite of high-level communication protocols using small, low-power digital radios based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard for wireless personal area networks (WPANs).
- A very low-cost, low power consumption two-way, wireless communication standard for automation, toys & PC peripherals.
- Low power consumption: 6 months to 5 years battery life for most applications.
- Low cost: At least half the cost of Bluetooth solutions.
- The high density of nodes per network: 250 nodes per network, multiple co-located networks.Data rate requirements: Few bits to 250kbps sufficient.
ARM processor:
ARM is a computer processor-based RISC architecture. A RISC-based computer design approach means ARM processors require significantly fewer transistors than typical processors in average computers. This approach reduces costs, heat, and power use. The low power consumption of ARM processors has made them very popular:
The ARM architecture (32-bit) is the most widely used in mobile devices, and the most popular 32-bit one in embedded systems.
ARM processor features include:
- Load/store architecture.
- An orthogonal instruction set.
- Mostly single-cycle execution.
- A 16×32-bit register
- Enhanced power-saving design.
Buffers:
Buffers do not affect the logical state of a digital signal (i.e. a logic 1 input results in a logic 1 output whereas logic 0 input results in a logic 0 output). Buffers are normally used to provide extra current drive at the output but can also be used to regularize the logic present at an interface.
Drivers:
This section is used to drive the relay where the output is the complement of input which is applied to the drive but the current will be amplified.
Relays:
It is an electromagnetic device that is used to drive the load connected across the relay and the o/p of the relay can be connected to the controller or load for further processing.
Methodology:
This project is designed to achieve robot movement control at a remote place by using Xbee protocol communication.
This project has two modules; the transmitter with switches and the receiver with Robot.
The transmitter unit will be placed with the concerned person and the receiver unit will be placed on Robot.
The transmitter is having switches to control the robot’s movement in several directions. Whenever the concerned person presses a switch then that pressed switch information will be sent to the ARM controller. The controller analyses the pressed key input and sends that information to the receiver end via Xbee.
The Xbee receiver which is there on Robot receives this signal and fetches it to the ARM controller. The ARM controller decides which key has pressed in the transmitter unit based on the input received and makes the robot move in that particular direction.
The robot can be made to move in a direction like right, left, front, and back.
Advantages:
- Wireless control.
- Surveillance System.
- Vehicle Navigation with the use of Zigbee technology.
Disadvantages:
It increases the cost whereas digital systems reduce the cost of the system.
Applications:
- This project can be implemented in Military applications.
- The main purpose for designing this robot is to implement it in the defense sector to sense humans and detect weapons/bombs with the human or buried in a place where humans cannot fetch them.
- The sensors with smaller range frequencies are sufficient to install this robot in residents.
- The sensors with very high frequencies are required to install this robot in the IT industries
- This robot can be installed in banks, especially in the places where jewels are kept (locker area).
- In educational institutions, this robot can play a vital role in the areas of libraries and laboratories where valuable equipment is kept.
