Table of Contents
Introduction:
Wireless technologies have been developing rapidly in these years. The obvious advantage of wireless transmission is a significant reduction and simplification in wiring and harness. Many communication technologies. Nowadays, a kind of real-time system in which multiple sensors are connected simultaneously to one gateway unit becomes necessary, and they are transformed into wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In previous work, much research has been done using wireless sensor technologies.
The introduction of this compact, low-power, wireless communication sensors and actuators in the technology supporting the ongoing miniaturization of processing and storage, allows exclusively new kinds of embedded systems. These systems are deployed in environments where the designs of networks are often very dynamic. Collections of devices can communicate to achieve a higher level of synchronized performance.
Block diagram explanation :
Power supply unit:
This section needs two voltages viz., +12 V & +5 V, as working voltages. Hence specially designed power supply is constructed to get regulated power supplies.
Buffers:
Buffers do not affect the logical state of a digital signal (i.e. a logic 1 input results in a logic 1 output whereas logic 0 input results in a logic 0 output). Buffers are normally used to provide extra current drive at the output but can also be used to regularize the logic present at an interface.
Drivers:
This section is used to drive the relay where the output is the complement of input which is applied to the drive but the current will be amplified.
Relays:
It is an electromagnetic device that is used to drive the load connected across the relay and the o/p of the relay can be connected to the controller or load for further processing.
Gas sensor
Explosion due to gas leakage is one of the most potential hazards in mining or industry. A mixture of gas with air is explosive within the range of 5-14% by volume of gases. The Gas Sensor Modules are designed to allow an ARM to determine when a preset gas level has been reached or exceeded. The type of gas detected depends on which module you are using. Interfacing with these sensors is done through A MQ3. The sensor modules are intended to provide a means of comparing gas sources and being able to set an alarm limit when the source becomes excessive.
MSP 430 Controllers:
The MSP430 is a mixed-signal microcontroller family from Texas Instruments. Built around a 16-bit CPU, the MSP430 is designed for low-cost and, specifically, low-power consumption embedded applications.
Methodology:
The system consists of a User Card reader connected to the system, into which the user card can be inserted. The card reader is connected to the system through the input port. The MSP430. C communicates with the Card through the input port which is a versatile port through which the data can be inputted. The system program is written in embedded C language. The card consists of a CARD, which will be inserted in the card slot of the comparator. To store the information it is written and to retrieve it is read.
Card & Card Slot: The card is an important part of this system as all the information is stored on the card only. This card consists of a CARD, which is serial electrically erasable, and programmable. The card comes in contact with the system when it is inserted into the card slot. Whenever we want to read the information about the users the card must be inserted in the slot. The card slot consists of an edge connector connected to MSP430 for reading purposes.
The person who wants to enter the home, which is fitted with this Coded Card Security System, has to clear two security levels. First, he has to show that he is having the privilege to enter the home by inserting his ID Card. If his ID Card is detected as valid, one level clears. Otherwise, the system will not open. Secondly, he has to type the secret Password via the keypad to ensure that he is the Authorized person to enter the door. This is because anybody can steal the ID Card from an authorized person or make a fake or duplicate ID Card and take the disadvantage. By entering a valid Secret Password, which is regularly or randomly changed and known to concerned persons only, one can clear the second level of security. If both the levels are cleared then only Door Opens, otherwise big NO!
Inside the home, if Gas will leak then the gas detector detects or if anybody tries to theft then theft detection will generate the output that is fed to buffer IC 4050, buffer stores and given to the driver IC 2003 in the driver current will amplify and voltage will invert with the help of Darlington pair circuit of driver IC to drive the relay. Then the signal is given to the output load for indication purpose
Advantages:
- This novel system can be effectively used in homes, industries, financial institutions, petrol pumps, factories, etc.,
- This system can be extended to a multi-channel Industrial security system to provide a reliable means of security to a group of industries, industrial areas, or even apartments.
Disadvantages:
1. Sensor failure cause a big problem.
Applications:
- Environmental monitoring
- Surveillance
- Animals can have sensors attached to them to track their movements for migration patterns, feeding habits, or other research purposes
- Home automation
- Traffic control.
