Table of Contents
Introduction:
In historical terms, coastal locations have been the favorite destination of the population in movements for defense, commercial, and other economic reasons. About 20% of the population
of India lives in coastal areas, a larger percentage of this being in coastal cities, such as Mumbai,
Chennai and Calcutta. One of the major factors responsible for the degradation of coastal ecosystems is the growth in the human population that requires space for settlement and other resources, like soil and water.
The need for Integrated Coastal Management in India is well known, on account of the growing population pressure due to accelerated urbanization, itself fuelled by demographic growth and industrialization. Fragile coastal ecosystems are simultaneously attacked by organic and chemical pollution and the degradation of natural resources is sometimes irreversible. Coastal zones are vulnerable areas in different parts of the world, but in developing countries, the impacts of degradation can be worse than in other countries. Sustainable development demands an integrated and interactive approach that allows for the understanding of the complex relationship between society and nature, simultaneously respecting human rights and assuming that environment is a vital dimension of the future of humankind.
The need to consider equity, security, and environment as key elements for the definition of sustainable development is defended by N. Lourenço (2001). Moreover, the complex and conflicting interactions of social equity, human security, and environmental sustainability within the social process of shaping and building development for present and future generations are important issues to address. Scientific and technological knowledge can make a significant contribution to alleviating and eventually preventing the unsustainable use of natural resources, such as those of coastal zones. There is a need for research on how societal driving forces (social and demographic, political and institutional, economic and commercial, cultural and technological) affect the nature and distribution of human activities in coastal zones of India and its impacts on coastal ecosystems associated with the prevailing and possible alternative patterns of human activity.
Block diagram explanation:
Power supply unit:
This section needs two voltages viz., +12 V & +5 V, as working voltages. Hence specially designed power supply is constructed to get regulated power supplies.
Microcontroller:
The Atmel AT89 series is an Intel 8051-compatible family of 8-bit microcontrollers (µCs) manufactured by the Atmel Corporation. Based on the Intel 8051 core, the AT89 series remains very popular as general-purpose microcontrollers, due to their industry standard instruction set, and low unit cost. This allows a great amount of legacy code to be reused without modification in new applications. While considerably less powerful than the newer AT90 series of AVR RISC microcontrollers, new product development has continued with the AT89 series for the aforementioned advantages.
Buffers:
Buffers do not affect the logical state of a digital signal (i.e. a logic 1 input results in a logic 1 output whereas logic 0 input results in a logic 0 output). Buffers are normally used to provide extra current drive at the output but can also be used to regularize the logic present at an interface
Drivers:
This section is used to drive the relay where the output is the complement of input which is applied to the drive but the current will be amplified
Relays:
It is an electromagnetic device that is used to drive the load connected across the relay and the o/p of the relay can be connected to the controller or load for further processing.
Methodology:
This whole module is introduced to provide security in Coastal areas. This module has an Ultrasonic sensor, UM 66 with Timer and Speaker around the coastal area. The Ultrasonic sensor is used to monitor the movement of a person. When the Ultrasonic sensor senses the person’s movement then the signal from the sensor will be sent to UM 66 with a timer to provide a voice announcement, to Microcontroller to display the process which is going on, and to the 556 Astable Multivibrator to provide a visual indication.
Advantages:
- Effective in implementation.
- Low power consumption and compact Microcontroller chips are used
- High reliability, due to the usage of semiconductor devices.
- Easy to use.
Disadvantages:
- One-time investment cost.
- The model should be placed with a power supply at any time.
- It should be implemented throughout the coastal areas.
Applications:
- Homes, schools, industries, and companies.
- Boarder areas.
