Table of Contents
Introduction:
Now a day’s road accident is a major problem all over the world. The recent report says that an annual average of 700,000 road accidents, 10 percent occur in India which has overtaken China. The latest annual statistics revealed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in its first Global status report on road safety, 80,000 people are killed on Indian roads due to speeding, drunken driving, less usage of helmets, seat belts, and child restraints in vehicles. Another latest report by National Crime Records Bureau or NCRB says that 40 people under the age of 25 die in road accidents all around the world. It states that drunken driving is a major factor in the rising of death on roads. The drunk driving fatalities in the year 2009, till the 27th of November were 11,769. The numbers for 2007 and 2008 were 12,998 and 11,773 respectively. It shows that the problem of drunk driving is far from over. In the 2009 DUI national statistics released by the NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration), 11,773 people died in alcohol-related crashes. Most of the accidents that occur outside the cities are due to drunken driving and no testing methodology is adopted to avoid these fatalities in highways. Motorists parking their vehicles in No-parking areas in- crease the rate of traffic in metropolitan cities. In the Indian road system, widening the road is not an alternative solution to avoid traffic in such cities. With this, the major issue is a person feels drowsiness in long-distance travel so the project is implemented as such a person gets alerts.
Block diagram explanation:
Power supply unit:
This section needs two voltages viz., +12 V & +5 V, as working voltages. Hence specially designed power supply is constructed to get regulated power supplies.
ARM processor:
ARM is computer processor-based RISC architecture. A RISC-based computer design approach means ARM processors require significantly fewer transistors than typical processors in average computers. This approach reduces costs, heat, and power use. The low power consumption of ARM processors has made them very popular:
The ARM architecture (32-bit) is the most widely used in mobile devices, and the most popular 32-bit one in embedded systems.
- ARM processor features include:
- Load/store architecture.
- An orthogonal instruction set.
- Mostly single-cycle execution.
- A 16×32-bit register
- Enhanced power-saving design.
Ir Tx & Ir Rx:
Ir transmitter and receiver are used to detect the traffic density of 2 lanes. In each lane, we are using 3 sections such as 60%, 90% and 120% of traffic has been detected with the help of ir Tx and ir Rx of both the lanes
Here the function of Ir Tx is used to transmit their signals and the IR receiver is used to receive their signals which are transmitted by Tx the o/p of it goes high and the relay will be in the deactivated mode. If any obstacle is detected in between Ir Tx and Ir Rx the Ir Rx output goes low and the relay gets activated and indicates the traffic density.
Alcohol Sensor
MQ-3 gas sensor is composed of a micro AL2O3 ceramic tube, Tin Dioxide (SnO2) sensitive layer, measuring electrode, and heater are fixed into a crust made of plastic and stainless steel net. The heater provides necessary work conditions for the work of sensitive components. The enveloped MQ-3 has 6 pins, 4 of them are used to fetch signals, and the other 2 are used for providing heating current.
Buffers:
Buffers do not affect the logical state of a digital signal (i.e. a logic 1 input results in a logic 1 output whereas logic 0 input results in a logic 0 output). Buffers are normally used to provide extra current drive at the output but can also be used to regularize the logic present at an interface.
Drivers:
This section is used to drive the relay where the output is the complement of input which is applied to the drive but the current will be amplified.
Relays:
It is an electromagnetic device that is used to drive the load connected across the relay and the o/p of the relay can be connected to the controller or load for further processing.
Methodology:
In this proposed system vehicle has sensors i.e. alcohol sensor and a drowsiness sensor whenever a person is drunken vehicle won starts. That is controlled by the heart of the system ARM and it starts a buzzer indicating that a person is drunk more application of this project is drowsiness detection while traveling if he feels drowsy then the buzzer start indicating end vehicle speeds get down by the ARM controller.
Advantages:
- Security of vehicle.
- Record driving data, collision data, and position data.
- Analyze the detail of the accident.
- Send the location of the car and its maintenance to the base station through GPS & GSM techniques.
- Sense gas & fuel leakage and display its status on the car monitoring system.
- Detect if the driver is drunk or not.
- Detect if the driver is feeling sleepy.
Disadvantages:
- Damage to the sensor cannot be detected.
Applications:
1. For Personal vehicle
The main application of the black box is for personal vehicle use if any unfortunate accident had occurred in a vehicle fitted with the black box then immediate help can be provided to the victimized car upon receiving an SMS.
2. Insurance companies
Most of the time the accident is false .so insurance companies can implement this car black box in the insured vehicle and data before and at the time of the accident is locked into a black box. The insurance company can easily analyze the data recorded. And they can find out whether the accident had made or occurred. And so the false claim is avoided.
3. Research and development of vehicle
In testing the vehicle R and D sent an engineer’s required data at various speeds and times. But this data is not available exactly as it is not possible to measure the data for every second and to measure the number of parameters at the same time. But if a black box is used the data can be made available for every second with very high accuracy.
