Table of Contents
Introduction:
Generally, solid waste is defined as a household’s refusal and non-hazardous waste. The non-hazardous solid wastes are from industrial, commercial, and institutional establishments such as hospitals, market waste, yard waste, and street sweepings. However, all these types of solid waste are a problem worldwide. Especially, in developing countries, waste management is becoming an acute problem for their urbanization and economic development. Thus, solid waste management and monitoring require immediate attention, especially in countries such as China, South Korea, and Malaysia which have been categorized as emerging industrialized countries. In Malaysia, the solid waste problem is one of the most severe extensive public attention is the haze and air emissions. These anthropogenic sources are generated from the indiscriminate dumping of toxic and hazardous wastes, which is raised sensitive issues both in terms of quantity and quality. So to know details of the solid waste that affected the Malaysian environment and related issues, the solid waste planner, monitor, and management requires comprehensive, reliable data and information on solid waste. However, the solid waste database in Malaysia is limited to managing the data by individual local authorities or waste contractors [10]. To deal with this great demand for data management, the advanced information technologies solutions such as RFID, GPRS, GPS, and GPS must be utilized. Solid waste management companies have been focusing on high technologies to solve some problems related to solid waste collection. For example, truck drivers may make a mistake or leave out some information due to a few factors such as driver’s attitude and fatigue. The main problems of the existing solid waste collection process and management system are summarized as follows.
- Lack of information about the collecting time and area.
- Lack of the proper system for monitoring, and tracking the trucks and trash bins that have been collected in real-time.
- There is no estimation of the amount of solid waste inside the bin and the surrounding area due to the scattering of waste.
- There is no quick response to urgent cases like truck accidents, breakdowns, and longtime idling.
- There is no quick way to respond to clients’ complaints about uncollected waste.
Many companies in Malaysia paid attention to remote sensing systems. For example, Alam Flora has already started the truck monitoring and tracking system [1]. Truck monitoring and tracking require real-time truck location analysis to control the solid waste collection process and improve truck efficiency [13]. To achieve the above requirements, this design has chosen the appropriate RFID communication system modules on the station reporting system. The entire system is used an RFID system, GPS module, and GPRS network and camera module to the IP-fixed control center on the internet. The software in the control server can analyze the location of the trucks and estimates the waste in the bin and its surrounding area. The proposed system would be able to solve the mentioned problems with robust solutions.
Block diagram explanation:
Power supply unit:
As the whole RF Transmitter Unit goes with the vehicle, its power supply must be kept compact and compatible with all kinds of vehicles and their power generators.
Arm 7:
The heart of the system is the microcontroller which will access the data. In our project, ARM7 is used. The ARM7 which we used for our project is LPC2148 (PHILLIPS) ARM7 is a high-performance, low-cost, low-power consumption RISC processor. For a variety of areas, such as embedded control, multimedia, DSP, and mobile applications, ARM architecture is the first RISC microprocessor designed for the low-budget market. The embedded operating system will be subject to certain restrictions. But because of its low price, reliability, and other factors, it is widely used in various industrial controllers.
ZigBee technology:
ZigBee is the name of a specification for a suite of high-level communication protocols using small, low-power digital radios based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard for wireless personal area networks (WPANs).
- Very low cost, low power consumption two-way, wireless communication standard for automation, toys & PC peripherals.
- Low power consumption: 6 months to 5 years battery life for most applications.
- Low cost: At least half the cost of Bluetooth solutions.
- The high density of nodes per network: 250 nodes per network, multiple co-located networks Data rate requirements: Few bits to 250kbps sufficient.
Buffer:
Buffers do not affect the logical state of a digital signal (i.e. a logic 1 input results in a logic 1 output whereas logic 0 input results in a logic 0 output). Buffers are normally used to provide extra current drive at the output but can also be used to regularize the logic present at an interface.
Driver:
This section is used to drive the relay where the output is the complement of the input which is applied to the drive but the current will be amplified.
Relay:
It is an electromagnetic device that is used to drive the load connected across the relay and the o/p of the relay can be connected to the controller or load for further processing.
Methodology:
This proposed work attempts to design Xbee based Garbage pit monitoring system with information updates for the department. This system contains a single-board embedded system that is equipped with ZigBee along with an ARM processor. During object motion, its location can be reported by SMS message. The use of ZigBee technologies allows the system to track overflow locations.
The IR transmitter transmits the IR signals continuously, IR receiver receives continuously if any garbage pits fill then the community of IR TX & IR RX signal then gives the signal to the ARM, then the ARM will send the information via ZigBee which read from ZigBee in Municipality office. At the same time, ARM will generate the output that is fed to buffer IC 4050, buffer stores and given to the driver IC 2003 in driver current will amplify and voltage will invert with the help of the Darlington circuit of driver IC to drive the relay. Then a signal is given to the output load for indication purposes.
Advantages:
- Prevent pollution and promote reuse and recycling
- Reduce priority and toxic chemicals in products and waste; and
- Conserve energy and materials
Disadvantages:
In this project usage of relays leads to consuming more power.
Applications:
- Hydraulic and water quality monitoring of water transmission and distribution systems (this also includes capturing fast-pressure transient events).
- Remote acoustic leak detection including remote cross-correlation.
- Monitoring the water level in sewer collectors and combined sewer outflows.
