Wireless System Using MEMS Accelerometer And GPS Tracking For Accidental Monitoring Of Vehicles Projects For Final Year Engineering Students                         

Introduction:

Now a day’s accidents have become a major public problem in many countries and metropolitan cities. This Problem is due to the rider’s poor behaviors such as speed driving, drunk driving, riding with no helmet protection riding without sufficient sleep, etc. Many Campaigns have been conducted by the people for awareness but the numbers of death and disability are very high because of late assistance to people who got through the accident. Therefore, Several research groups and major motorcycle manufacturers including Honda have developed safety devices to protect riders from accidental injuries. Presently, the tracking system is only installed in some high-end motorcycles because these systems are still too expensive for most motorcycle riders. Thus, fall detection and accident alarm system for two-wheelers has recently gained attention because these systems are expected to save people’s life by helping riders to get medical treatment on time. In this case, wireless using MEMS Accelerometer and GPS tracking system is developed for accidental monitoring. If Any accident occurs, this wireless device will send a message from a mobile phone and indicate the position of the vehicle by tracking the location through GPS System to family members, emergency medical service, and the nearest hospital so that they can provide an ambulance and prepare treatment for the patients.

Block diagram explanation :

Power supply unit:

  This section needs two voltages viz., +12 V & +5 V, as working voltages. Hence specially designed power supply is constructed to get regulated power supplies.

GPS module:

  This is a GPS Receiver (5V Serial) with high gain having 4 Pin 2.54mm pitch strip. The third-generation POT (Patch Antenna on Top) is used by the receiver for the GPS module. It can be interfaced with normal 5V ARM7 with the help of the in-built 3V-5V converter. The interfacing is made easier with the help of a low pin count (4-pin) strip. The 4 Pins are 5V, TX, RX, and GND. This standalone 5V GPS Module does not require external components. It consists of an internal RTC Back up battery and can be directly connected to the USART of the ARM7.

  The current date, time, longitude, latitude, altitude, speed, and travel direction / heading among other data, are provided by the module and can be used in many applications including navigation, fleet management, tracking systems, mapping, and robotics. The module can support up to 51 channels. The GPS solution enables small form factor devices which deliver major advancements in GPS performance, accuracy, integration, computing power, and flexibility. They are used to simplify the embedded system integration process.

 GSM:

  GSM Shield (SIM 900a): The SIM900 which is a complete Quad-band GSM/GPRS solution comes in a SMT module that can be embedded in customer applications. Featuring an industry-standard interface, the SIM900 delivers GSM/GPRS 850/900/1800/1900MHz performance for Data, voice, SMS, and Fax in a small form factor and with low power consumption. SIM900 can fit almost all the space requirements in the M2M application with dimensions of 24mm x 24mm x 3 mm. SIM900 is designed with a very powerful single-chip processor integrating AMR926EJ-S core. Quad-band GSM/GPRS module with a size of 24mmx24mmx3mm, SMT type suit for customer application, An embedded Powerful TCP/IP protocol stack Based upon the mature and field-proven platform, backed up by our support service, from definition to design and production.

NOTE: Modem may change.

ARM processor:

   ARM is a computer processor-based RISC architecture. A RISC-based computer design approach means ARM processors require significantly fewer transistors than typical processors in average computers. This approach reduces costs, heat, and power use. The low power consumption of ARM processors has made them very popular:

The ARM architecture (32-bit) is the most widely used in mobile devices, and the most popular 32-bit one in embedded systems.

ARM processor features include:

• Load/store architecture.
• An orthogonal instruction set.
• Mostly single-cycle execution.
• A 16×32-bit register.
• Enhanced power-saving design.

Buffers:

Buffers do not affect the logical state of a digital signal (i.e. a logic 1 input results in a logic 1 output whereas logic 0 input results in a logic 0 output). Buffers are normally used to provide extra current drive at the output but can also be used to regularize the logic present at an interface.

Drivers:

This section is used to drive the relay where the output is the complement of input which is applied to the drive but the current will be amplified.

Relays:

It is an electromagnetic device that is used to drive the load connected across the relay and the o/p of the relay can be connected to the controller or load for further processing.

Indicator:

 This stage provides a visual indication of which relay is actuated and deactivated, by glowing respective    LED or Buzzer.

Methodology:

This proposed methodology is the automatic system that will provide the solution for identifying the accident location and also the status of the victims in the accident. The victims are the vital information transmitted to the nearest emergency care centers spontaneously when the accidents occurred.

1. The proposed system automates the accident
2. Identification and alerting to the emergency care unit.
3. The physiological conditions of the victim and the location of the accident area are all information sent to the emergency care unit.
4. Using GSM coding (i.e.) ARM Controller gives step-by-step information about patients to nearby hospitals.

Advantages:

1. Women can go anywhere with more security.
2.  Avoids women’s rape.
3.  Culprits can be easily found and can be punished.
4. Consumes less power.
5.  Provides very accurate data via GPS.
6.  Allows the remote location of assets from anywhere there is cellular Service.
7. Facilitates simple asset recovery and tracking.

Disadvantages:

1. The only thing that is clear about constitutional protections for location-based service information is the lack of clarity

Applications:

1. It can be used to safeguard women in critical conditions.
2. It can be used to detect vehicles under theft.
3. It can be employed for tracking any movable objects
4. Fleet control.
5. Stolen vehicle searching.
6. Animal control.
7. Race control.
8. Espionage/surveillance.