ARM Based Smart Helmet Using XBee With Alcohol Detection Projects For Final Year Engineering Students                         

Introduction:

The maintenance of a state of wakefulness while performing various tasks is needed for a range of reasons varying from safety to efficient performance and beyond. To decrease the possibility of accidents, alertness while operating vehicles, such as automobiles or heavy machinery, must be maintained. Additionally, reading and studying requires wakefulness.

            This project is based on Zigbee as a smart helmet for automobile and truck drivers for an alertness alarm signal. This eyeglass attachable alarm signal device prevents automobile and truck drivers from falling asleep while driving. A beam of a narrow band of infrared light or a beam of ultrasound is used for sensing, whether the driver’s eyelids are closed or are in an open position

The Mobile Sniffer project is an advanced device that finds various applications in the modern fields of communication and surveillance. The mobile sniffer project is designed to detect the mobile phone in a closed room/place which is in active transmission mode. This project is very useful for private meetings, defense establishments, military camps, Hospitals; Petrol pumps, etc., where the use of an active Mobile Communication (GSM) device is prohibited. With the aid of this project, one can detect active mobile devices like Cell Phones and GPS systems. Here the Mobile Sniffer project can be used like a metal detector and the project is capable of detecting the Cell phone-like device from the range of a few centimeters to a few inches depending upon the Cell phone’s transmission strength and other parameters. Here the project is waved near the person/place where the presence of a GSM device is to be detected.

Block diagram explanation

Power supply unit

This section needs two voltages viz., +12 V & +5 V, as working voltages. Hence specially designed power supply is constructed to get regulated power supplies.

Temperature Sensor LM 35:

LM35 is a precision IC temperature sensor with its output proportional to the temperature (in ^oC). The sensor circuitry is sealed and therefore it is not subjected to oxidation and other processes. With LM35, temperature can be measured more accurately than with a thermistor. It also possesses low self-heating and does not cause more than 0.1C temperature rise in still air.   

      The operating temperature range is from -55°C to 150°C. The output voltage varies by 10mV in response to every ^oC rise/fall in ambient temperature, i.e., its scale factor is 0.01V/ ^oC.

ARM processor

ARM is a computer processor-based RISC architecture. A RISC-based computer design approach means ARM processors require significantly fewer transistors than typical processors in average computers. This approach reduces costs, heat, and power use. The low power consumption of ARM processors has made them very popular:

The ARM architecture (32-bit) is the most widely used in mobile devices, and the most popular 32-bit one in embedded systems.

Zigbee Technology

ZigBee is a specification for a suite of high-level communication protocols used to create personal area networks built from small, low-power digital radios. ZigBee is based on an IEEE 802.15 standard. Though low-powered, ZigBee devices can transmit data over long distances by passing data through intermediate devices to reach more distant ones, creating a mesh network.

Buffers

Buffers do not affect the logical state of a digital signal (i.e. a logic 1 input results in a logic 1 output whereas logic 0 input results in a logic 0 output). Buffers are normally used to provide extra current drive at the output but can also be used to regularize the logic present at an interface

Drivers

This section is used to drive the relay where the output is the complement of input which is applied to the drive but the current will be amplified

Relays

It is an electromagnetic device that is used to drive the load connected across the relay and the o/p of the relay can be connected to the controller or load for further processing.

Buzzer:

A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may be mechanical, electromechanical, or piezoelectric. Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm devices, timers, and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke.

DC motor:

A DC motor relies on the fact that magnet poles repel and unlike magnetic poles attract each other. A coil of wire with a current running through it generates an electromagnetic field aligned with the center of the coil. By switching the current on or off in a coil its magnetic field can be switched on or off or by switching the direction of the current in the coil the direction of the generated magnetic field can be switched 180°.

Indicator:

 This stage provides a visual indication of which relay is actuated and deactivated, by glowing respective    LED or Buzzer.

Methodology:

This project is developed to reduce save humans from accidents and to send the information about the person who is wearing the helmet to the caretaker using Zigbee. This project contains three sensors for mobile detectors, an alcohol sensor, and a Vibration sensor to detect accidents. After sensing that parameter depending on the scenario the ARM controller will take appropriate action. The main modules in this project are Sensors (mobile detector, alcohol sensor, and Vibration Sensor), ARM controller unit with LCD, and output device.

This transmitter model is placed in Helmet and the receiver will be there with the caretaker.  This model has three Sensors as an input device to sense the mobile, alcohol, and vibrations, and depending on the parameter measured the controller will take appropriate action.  The same information will be sent to the caretaker via Zigbee. The receiver will activate the outputs to indicate a sensor has detected a signal the owner has to take appropriate action.

Advantages:

1. All the components required are easily available.

2. No Manual attention is needed.
3. Reduces driver’s job by automatically responding to approaching vehicles.
4. The circuit is flexible, without much change in the circuit; it can be used with any 4-wheeler.
5. Automatically controlled & Easy to use.

Disadvantages:

1. In this project usage of relays leads to consuming more power.
2. One-time investment cost

Applications:

1. This project can be used for all kinds of two-wheeler.
2. Further, this project can be to eliminate key-lock arrangement.
3. This project can also be implemented in a confined area / geological area, to restrict the movement of vehicles including two-wheelers.

4. This project is very useful for confidential meetings, secret occasions, and other similar requirements.
5. Near the petrol Pumps, LPG Storages & Explosive Storage Places to prevent any possible damage due to the Cell Phone / GSM frequency, which may trigger an explosion.
6. In the military Camps, Defense establishments, etc to prevent the information leaking.
7. The cell phone may cause malfunctioning of the Bio-Medical Equipment. So this project can be used in hospitals to detect the active mobile device.