Table of Contents
Introduction:
Security in travel is a primary concern for everyone. The emergency-Call service is a piece of software that can be installed in any kind of box, that is, an aftermarket device connectable or not to the vehicle’s network and/or on-board computer; a portable device (PDA, laptop); or a mobile phone.
When an auto crash occurs suddenly, the reaction of the emergency services now becomes a race between life and death. Today, wireless innovation has tilted the odds in favor of success like never before. Before, the people in the emergency services had little more to rely upon than raw courage. Now the world of wireless has inspired an entirely new way of managing and minimizing the death rate due to auto crashes.
The scene of a fatal accident is always a theater where man and technology face the ultimate test. Whether the emergency is fire, earthquake or flood, relief or needed medical attention in this case, the stakes are always high. Indeed, wireless communications have become extremely important in emergency response. The most important tool in any situation is people. But better information with the aid of machine-to-machine (M2M) network means better decision making and that means technology is helping to save property and lives.
Block diagram explanation
Power supply unit
This section needs two voltages viz., +12 V & +5 V, as working voltages. Hence specially designed power supply is constructed to get regulated power supplies.
Piezo Sensor:
A piezoelectric sensor is a device that uses the piezoelectric effect, to measure changes in pressure, acceleration, strain, or force by converting them to an electrical charge. The prefix Piezo– is Greek for ‘press’ or ‘squeeze’.
Monostable Multivibrator:
A multivibrator is an electronic circuit used to implement a variety of simple two-state systems such as oscillators, timers, and flip-flops.Monostable, in which one of the states is stable, but the other state is unstable (transient). A trigger pulse causes the circuit to enter an unstable state. After entering the unstable state, the circuit will return to the stable state after a set time. Such a circuit is useful for creating a timing period of fixed duration in response to some external event. This circuit is also known as a one-shot.
ARM processor
ARM is a computer processor-based RISC architecture. A RISC-based computer design approach means ARM processors require significantly fewer transistors than typical processors in average computers. This approach reduces costs, heat, and power use. The low power consumption of ARM processors has made them very popular:
The ARM architecture (32-bit) is the most widely used in mobile devices, and the most popular 32-bit one in embedded systems.
Zigbee Technology
ZigBee is a specification for a suite of high-level communication protocols used to create personal area networks built from small, low-power digital radios. ZigBee is based on an IEEE 802.15 standard. Though low-powered, ZigBee devices can transmit data over long distances by passing data through intermediate devices to reach more distant ones, creating a mesh network.
Buffers
Buffers do not affect the logical state of a digital signal (i.e. a logic 1 input results in a logic 1 output whereas logic 0 input results in a logic 0 output). Buffers are normally used to provide extra current drive at the output but can also be used to regularize the logic present at an interface
Drivers
This section is used to drive the relay where the output is the complement of input which is applied to the drive but the current will be amplified
Relays
It is an electromagnetic device that is used to drive the load connected across the relay and the o/p of the relay can be connected to the controller or load for further processing.
Alarm:
An alarm is a that is designed to wake a person at a specific time.
Indicator:
This stage provides a visual indication of which relay is actuated and deactivated, by glowing respective LED or Buzzer.
Methodology:
This project is developed to provide information about the accident on highways to the nearest police station or tollgate. The main modules in this project are Piezo Sensor, ARM controller unit with LCD, and Zigbee.
The transmitter will be there in the vehicle and the receiver will be there in the tollgate, police station. The transmitter module has an accident detection Sensor as an input, the sensor here used is the Piezo sensor, which is used to detect accidents on highways or anywhere. If the PIR sensor got input means that indicates the accident has happened, and that sensed signal will be sent to the ARM controller, then the ARM controller analyses the signal and indicates the accident has happened via LCD. And the same information will be transmitted to the receiver via Zigbee and that will be displayed on the receiver LCD and the alarm will be turned ON to indicate there is an emergency. Then the police force or tollgate people will take appropriate action based on the information received at the receiver end.
Advantages:
- All the components required are easily available.
- It is accurate [Errors are nullified] & precise as it is Digital.
- Manual errors can be avoided to some extent.
- Easy to use.
- Secure and reliable communication.
- Leading-edge technology that meets today’s and tomorrow’s needs.
Disadvantages:
- One-time investment cost.
- It has to be planted throughout the area.
Applications:
- This project can be implemented on Highways.
- Restricted zones.
- Wherever security and safety are needed there we can implement this project.
