Table of Contents
Introduction:
Street light automation is quite common these days, but generating the required energy through a speed breaker is the latest trend in technology. We aim to generate electric energy from the speed breaker, store it in a battery, and utilize the stored energy when required. To prove this concept practically, a prototype module is constructed. The entire system is designed as automatic, human involvement is not required for switching ON/OFF the light. The speed breaker is designed with electro-mechanical technology.
The project work “Automatic Street light that is powered through speed breaker” is designed & developed successfully. For the demonstration purpose, a proto-type module was constructed with lower ratings of devices, & results are found to be satisfactory. As it is a demo module it cannot be used for real applications, but the concept is near to the real working system, to make it more realistic, a higher rating power generator with a suitable gear mechanism is essential to produce more energy. This concept falls under the subject of non-conventional energy resources, out of the many alternative energy resources one dependable source is solar energy, but it is quite the costliest affair. Therefore, the alternative cheapest source is to generate electricity from a speed breaker. This technology proven here is the ultimate inexpensive source of all known forms of energy.
Block diagram explanation :
Power supply unit:
This section needs two voltages viz., +12 V & +5 V, as working voltages. Hence specially designed power supply is constructed to get regulated power supplies.
Microcontroller:
The 89C51 Microcontroller is the heart of this project. It is the chip that processes the User Data and executes the same. The software inherited in this chip manipulates the data and sends the result for visual display.
The general definition of a microcontroller is a single-chip computer, which refers to the fact that they contain all of the functional sections (cpu, ram, rom, i/o, ports, and timers) of a traditionally defined computer on a single integrated circuit. Some experts even describe them as special-purpose computers with several qualifying distinctions that separate them from other computers.
Features Of Microcontroller :
- 8K Bytes of In-System Reprogrammable Flash Memory
- Endurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles
- Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz
- Three-level Program Memory Lock
- 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM
- 32 Programmable I/O Lines
- Three 16-bit Timer/Counters
Buffers:
Buffers do not affect the logical state of a digital signal (i.e. a logic 1 input results in a logic 1 output whereas logic 0 input results in a logic 0 output). Buffers are normally used to provide extra current drive at the output but can also be used to regularize the logic present at an interface.
Drivers:
This section is used to drive the relay where the output is the complement of input which is applied to the drive but the current will be amplified.
Relays:
It is an electromagnetic device that is used to drive the load connected across the relay and the o/p of the relay can be connected to the controller or load for further processing.
Solar panel:
A solar panel is a set of solar photovoltaic modules electrically connected and mounted on a supporting structure. A photovoltaic module is a packaged, connected assembly of solar cells.
Dynamo:
Steven Frayne (born 17 December 1982), commonly known by his stage name “Dynamo“, is an English magician,[1]best known for his show Dynamo: Magician Impossible.
Indicator:
This stage provides a visual indication of which relay is actuated and deactivated, by glowing respective LED or Buzzer.
Methodology:
It works principle of simple physics i.e. when a moving vehicle passes through this setup, the kinetic energy of the vehicle causes the roller to rotate transmission shaft coverts to Electrical Energy cum Mechanical Energy. Here the Solar panel, dynamo, and mains can acts as a source to charge the motor. At the time of sun availability, the solar panel will charge the battery. Dynamo will charge the battery based on the signal received from the movement of the vehicle or the battery will get charged from the mains. The daylight sensor is used to activate the LED sets depending on the impact of the natural light. If darkness is there then all LED Sets will be tuned on or else the number of LED Sets will be turned ON based on the intensity of the natural light.
Advantages:
- In general mode, the power savings is about 50%.
- In dim mode, it is about 35%.
- The utilization of energy is optimized using this technology.
- Street light gives a bright light over a semi-circle of a radius of 30 feet.
Disadvantages:
- Operative and maintenance are cost-effective.
- Initial and maintenance cost is high.
Applications:
- This system is designed for outdoor applications in un-electrified rural areas.
- This system is an ideal application for campus and village street lighting
- The solar street light system is an ideal lighting system for roads, yards, residential colonies, township, corporate offices, hospitals educational institutions, and rural electrification.
