Safety Tool for Cars Projects For Final Year Engineering Students                         

Introduction:

  Integrated Safety Device for Car project is a set of safety devices that helps in the more sophisticated and safe operations in the car. Here the project is designed to meet various requirements like; Wireless Security, Automatic break cable monitoring, Open Seat Belt Indicator and also Oil monitoring, and the temperature of the engine Alarm. These all features are included in one project and all these individual modules are combined to produce a more sophisticated and reliable Safety Tool for Cars.

Block diagram explanation :

Power supply unit:

This section needs two voltages viz., +12 V & +5 V, as working voltages. Hence specially designed power supply is constructed to get regulated power supplies.

Buffers:

Buffers do not affect the logical state of a digital signal (i.e. a logic 1 input results in a logic 1 output whereas logic 0 input results in a logic 0 output). Buffers are normally used to provide extra current drive at the output but can also be used to regularize the logic present at an interface.

Drivers:

 This section is used to drive the relay where the output is the complement of input which is applied to the drive but the current will be amplified.

Relays:

It is an electromagnetic device that is used to drive the load connected across the relay and the o/p of the relay can be connected to the controller or load for further processing.

Indicator:

 This stage provides a visual indication of which relay is actuated and deactivated, by a glowing respective LCD or Buzzer.

Microcontroller:

 The 89C51 Microcontroller is the heart of this project. It is the chip that processes the User Data and executes the same. The software inherited in this chip manipulates the data and sends the result for visual display.

 The general definition of a microcontroller is a single-chip computer, which refers to the fact that they contain all of the functional sections (cpu, ram, rom, i/o, ports, and timers) of a traditionally defined computer on a single integrated circuit. Some experts even describe them as special-purpose computers with several qualifying distinctions that separate them from other computers. 

Features Of Microcontroller :

1. 8K Bytes of In-System Reprogrammable Flash Memory.
2. Endurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles.
3. Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz
4. Three-level Program Memory Lock.
5. 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM.
6. 32 Programmable I/O Lines.
7. Three 16-bit Timers/Counters.

  Methodology:

   The above block diagram shows the setup Safety Tool for CarsUsing  Microcontroller.  which monitors seat belts, oil, temperature & brake cable. Any variation in parameters gives that signal to the Microcontroller, and then the controller performs the required function and displays the message. At the same time controller will generate the output that is fed to buffer IC 4050, buffer stores, and given to the driver IC 2003 driver current will amplify and the voltage will invert with the help of the Darlington circuit of the driver IC to drive the relay. Then the signal is given to the output load for indication purposes.

Advantages:

1. Useful for all cars.
2. Useful in the apartments, to prevent the unauthorized entry of another vehicle other than the person having permission.
3. As a security device for all vehicles.
4. Also for automatic operation of the gates.

Disadvantages:

1. It increases the cost whereas digital systems reduce the cost of the system.

Applications:

1. Automotive Applications.
2. Home and Office Applications.
3. Home and office automation.
4. Smart environment.
5. Environmental Applications.
6. Military Applications.
7. Monitoring friendly forces, equipment, and ammunition.
8. Battlefield surveillance.
9. Reconnaissance of opposing forces and terrain.