Table of Contents
Introduction:
A key application of sensor networks in smart environments is in monitoring the activities of people. We develop several scenarios in which ultrasonic sensors are used for monitoring patients and the elderly. In each scenario, we apply different algorithms for data fusion and sensor selection using quality-based or time-division approaches. We have devised trajectory-matching algorithms to classify trajectories of movement of people in indoor environments. The trajectories are divided into several routine classes and the current trajectory is compared against the known routine trajectories. The initial results are quite promising, and show the potential usability of ultrasonic sensors in monitoring indoor movements of people, and in capturing and classifying trajectories.
Lifestyle in modern society along with human behavior and thinking is changing dramatically with the advancement of technology, and the concept of a simple home is changing into a smart home. The advancement of technology has increased the safety and security of people along with their belongings. One of the reasons for the rise of the smart home is the increasing risk of burglary and robbery and the busy lifestyle. The busy lifestyle of people is leading to the necessity of controlling the devices at home remotely and increasing the necessity of keeping surveillance over their homes.
Mobile phones today are not just used to make calls. The use of mobile phones is changing with the development of technology and they can be used for different purposes. They can be used as clocks, calendars, or controllers instead of being used just as phones. Today smartphones are available in the market with different applications and hardware which can be implemented without any further development or enhancement. With the help of the GSM network, a mobile can be used to implement a smart home by controlling devices and getting alerts on robbery and burglary.
Block diagram explanation:
Power supply unit
This section needs two voltages viz., +12 V & +5 V, as working voltages. Hence specially designed power supply is constructed to get regulated power supplies.
Mic:
A microphone (colloquially called a mic or mike; both pronounced /ˈmaɪk/)[1] is an acoustic-to-electric transducer or sensor that converts sound in air into an electrical signal. Microphones are used in many applications such as telephones, hearing aids, public address systems for concert halls and public events, motion picture production, life and recorded audio engineering, two-way radios, megaphones, radio and television broadcasting, and computers for recording voice, speech recognition, VoIP, and for non-acoustic purposes such as ultrasonic checking or knock sensors.
Speaker:
Computer speakers, or multimedia speakers, are speakers external to a computer, that disable the lower fidelity built-in speaker. They often have a low-power internal amplifier. The standard audio connection is a 3.5 mm (approximately 1/8 inch) stereo phone connector often color-coded lime green (following the PC 99 standard) for computer sound cards.
Methodology:
This whole module is introduced to provide security to the Home. This module has an Ultrasonic sensor, UM 66 with Timer and Speaker near the door. The combined module of Mic, Intercom Board, and Speaker is placed in front of the door and inside the Home to make conversation with the person who is there in front of the door. The Ultrasonic sensor is used to detect the movement of a person or any obstacle. After detecting the movement of a person or any obstacle the UM 66 with a timer will generate a tone then this tone generator will activate the speaker to indicate someone is there near the door. Then the person who is there in the Home can communicate with the person who is there near the door with the help of a Mic, Intercom Board, and Speaker.
Advantages:
- Less power consumption
- Less space required
- High speed
- With a little bit of modification Password Based Locking System, a fire and smoke alert system.
Disadvantages:
- One-time investment cost.
- Failure of the Ultrasonic sensor will not detect the movement.
Applications:
- For schools and colleges.
- For industrial security etc.
